I … The Telegraph’s political commentator, Peter Osbourne, has called for destroying the sovereignty of individual European nation states in order to save the Euro. And he has implied reviving the power of Charlemagne who led the Holy Roman Empire in article The only way to save the euro is the destruction of its members.
This call is actually a fulfillment of Bible prophecy of Nebuchadnezzar‘s dream by Daniel who discerned there would be a federalized Europe, which is presented in Bible prophecy of Daniel 2:40-43. There had been four great world powers since Daniel wrote the prophecy: Babylon, Persia, and Greece were all conquered and absorbed by the Roman Empire. All were described in the form of a giant statue representing the four Kingdoms. Babylon was the head of gold. Persia was the chest and arms of silver. Greece was the belly and thighs of bronze, followed by the two appearances of Rome, two legs of iron, Western and Eastern. And two feet of iron mixed with clay, which will be a revived Roman Empire, coming forth as a United States of Europe, whose influence will spread to ten toes, the toes being ten regions of global governance, which were called for by the Club of Rome in 1974, and which is described as a ten headed beast, manifesting in mankind’s seven institutions in Revelation 13:1-4.
II … Mr. Osbourne said in part:
“Since the coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD, there have been numerous attempts to unify Europe. Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV, Napoleon and Hitler all came tantalisingly close to success, but all ultimately failed. Today a fifth attempt is under way through the European Union.
Though not associated with a single great or powerful man, the ultimate objective of the EU is otherwise more or less familiar to students of European empires: no internal boundaries; a single currency; one parliament; one central government; one army; one foreign policy and a single political unit stretching from the Atlantic to the Urals.
The 27 nations that currently comprise the EU would merge into one huge state, accounting for a population of some 500 million, approximately one fifth of global wealth and an even higher percentage of the world’s trade. Such a nation would take its place alongside the United States and China as a superpower.
Jacques Delors, the French politician who more than anyone else was the architect of the single currency that is used today, is a highly intelligent man. He was warned many times by critics such as Margaret Thatcher that it was hopelessly premature to set up a monetary union without full political unification. He knew very well there would be problems.
But Mr Delors saw these problems as opportunities – what have been called “beneficial crises”. These economic crises, he believed, could be exploited by the European governing class to expedite with extra urgency and dynamism their over-riding project of integration, and the creation of a single European state.
It is this basic fact which makes the year 2011 such a critical year in the history of Europe – or “a historic turning point”, to use Mr Fillon’s potent phrase. European leaders have no choice but to act at once. If they leave political and economic structures as they are, the single currency will collapse very quickly and the European project will follow.”
III … Related information
B … Samuel J in article Reflections on Europe provides a history of European integration relating:
“The European Union is the most recent attempt at European integration.
The Pax Romana, the 200 year period following the creation of the principate by Augustus was the first and most successful of the European integration projects. The second attempt started with Charlemagne in 800AD when he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. The third attempt at European integration (“Pax Francia“) was with that Corsican general, Napoleon. His attempt at integration was modelled more on Julius Caesar than Augustus. But he adopted many of the institutions of Rome, including a reform of the Civil Law which derived directly from Ancient Rome. He stepped too far though, earning the enmity of Britain, Austria and Prussia. Today Napoleon stands atop a column modelled on Trajan’s column in Rome, dressed as a Caesar. The fourth attempt was during the second war with Hitler. Again, there was overt Roman symbology. The European Union is the most recent attempt at European integration.
The idea of a European Federation was first raised by Winston Churchill in a speech in Zurich in 1946. He said that the future and peace of Europe could only be ensured through a United States of Europe formed around the core of Germany and France and supported by the United States and Britain.
The EU was founded on the basic premise of preventing another war between France, Germany and other European countries. This followed the devastation of two world wars and memories of the 1870 conflict between France and Prussia.
The solutions canvassed were based on a curbing of national sovereignty and by developing supranational decision making. Kant’s Perpetual Peace (1795) gave impetus to thoughts of a federation of nations for ensuring permanent peace. The United Nations, founded in 1945, had been given supranational powers – its Security Council is empowered to take decisions binding on member states under limited circumstances.
It was clear that the key to peace would lie in the relationship between Germany and France. These nations had long disputed the Saarland, known for its steel industry based on extensive coal reserves. Jean Monet had originally formed a view that this was the crux of the problem. He prepared a paper from which then French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman delivered the following statement on 9 May 1950, the date (coinciding with the end of WWII in Eastern Europe) that is now Europe Day:
The French Government proposes placing the whole of French and German production of coal and steel under a common high authority, in an organisation open to the participation of other European countries … the first stage of the European Federation … World peace cannot be safeguarded without creative efforts commensurate with the dangers threatening it.
Then West German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, expressed support for Schumann’s statement: when two former enemies took joint possession of the fundamentals of warfare – coal and steel – peace became more than a dream.
So in 1951 the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was founded. As well as France and Germany, it was joined by the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) and Italy. A common market for coal and steel had been created, controlled by a high authority that eventually evolved into the European Commission. As well there was a Council (representing the governments of the member states), a Parliamentary assembly and a Court. These institutions were inherited by the European Union.
The supranational high authority of the ECSC had significant independence. Its head office was in Luxembourg, with French and German as the official languages. Monet was appointed the first President of the ECSC.
Further steps towards integration occurred with the signing of the founding treaties of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in Rome in 1957. The EEC established the common market and the customs union, while Euratom was designed to control and develop the peaceful use of nuclear power.
The Treaty of Rome included the aim “to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe”. The six countries became members of the EEC and Euratom. In 1967 the secretariats and Councils of Ministers of the EEC, the ECSC and Euratom were merged. The European Community replaced the term European Economic Community.
Other major treaties included: the 1992 Maastricht Treaty which laid the foundations for economic and monetary union and a single currency; the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty which extended joint decision-making between the EU Institutions and laid the foundations for further enlargement and the 2000 Nice Treaty which further extended areas of Community competence and established the institutional basis for enlargement.
The result of this series of treaties was an incredibly layered, incoherent and incomprehensible morass of treaties. The European Union is governed by four founding treaties, which contain over 700 articles, 50 protocols and 100 declarations. The EU treaties and regulations – the acquis communautaire – add to around 80 000 pages. This must be adopted by all states seeking to join the EU.
A 2004 Lisbon ‘Constitutional Treaty’ to tidy up the amalgam of treaties and regulations provided for stronger and more consistent foreign policy and greater stability (through a longer term for the EU president) failed when it was rejected first by the people of France and then by the people of the Netherlands and Ireland.
The original six members were joined by:
- The UK, Denmark and Ireland (in 1973);
- Greece (in 1981);
- Portugal and Spain (in 1986)
- Austria, Finland and Sweden (in 1995);
- The Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia (in 2004); and
- Bulgaria and Romania (from 1 January 2007).
The Treaty of Lisbon – which was adopted in 2009 – was controversial and almost failed to pass, such as when a referendum in Ireland rejected the Treaty. It finally passed in modified form, and made some further changes, although not by as much as claimed.”
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